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云母富含多种有价金属，并具有优异的绝缘性和耐高温特性，是一种重要的矿产资源。然而，由于云母与伴生脉石矿物石英的物理化学性质相似，两者的浮选分离通常较为困难。本文系统分析了云母和石英的晶体结构特征、物化性质及其与可浮性的关系，并对两者的浮选分离技术（包括捕收剂、抑制剂及相关作用机理）进行了综述与总结。研究表明，阳离子胺类药剂是云母浮选的主要捕收剂，而阴阳离子组合药剂、新型捕收剂的开发应用以及离子选择性活化是云母浮选的重要研究方向。对于石英，尽管水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠等无机抑制剂被广泛使用，但仍存在局限性，未来需加强有机抑制剂、组合抑制剂及新型抑制剂的研发。此外，进一步深入研究云母和石英与选矿药剂的作用机理，可为新型浮选药剂的开发与应用提供理论指导。
Abstract：Mica is an important mineral resource rich in various valuable metals, with excellent insulation and high-temperature resistance properties. However, due to the similar physicochemical characteristics between mica and its associated gangue mineral quartz, their flotation separation is often challenging. This paper systematically analyzes the crystal structure and physicochemical properties of mica and quartz, as well as their relationship with floatability, and provides a comprehensive review of flotation separation techniques, including collectors, depressants, and related mechanisms. Research indicates that cationic amine reagents are the primary collectors for mica flotation, while the development and application of combined cationic-anionic collectors, novel collectors, and ion-selective activation represent key research directions. For quartz, although inorganic depressants such as sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate are widely used, they still have limitations. Future efforts should focus on the development of organic depressants, combined depressants, and novel depressants. Furthermore, in-depth studies on the interaction mechanisms between mica/quartz and flotation reagents can provide theoretical guidance for the development and application of new flotation reagents.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TD923;TD97
引用信息:
[1]张鑫意,谢海云,冯梦菲,等.云母与石英浮选分离研究进展及展望[J].矿冶,2025,34(06):835-845.
基金信息:
深地国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1004002)